Abstract Light quality is an important factor for the adequacy of plant production through plant tissue culture, as it directly interferes with morphogenesis and photosynthetic capacity of explants. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of monochromatic lights such as light emitting diode (LED) on the in vitro development of Cattleya walkeriana G. and their effects on acclimatization. The plants were developed in vitro under the colors of green, blue, yellow, red, 2 red:1 blue, and white LED lights. For in vitro cultivation, Knudson medium was used, supplemented with 20 mg L-1 sucrose, 5.5 mg L-1 agar, 2% activated charcoal, 100 mL coconut water, and pH 6.0. For ex vitro cultivation, the plants were acclimatized in styrofoam trays containing sphagnum as a substrate. In general, the supplied light lengths impactedin vitro growth and acclimatization analyses. There was influence on the cuticle thickness of plants in vitro. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not significant. We can conclude that light lengths formed by 2 red:1 blue, red and yellow LEDs can be indicated for better performance in the production of C. walkeriana. The 2 red:1 blue and red LEDs provide superior in vitro development than the others, with gains for the species in acclimatization. The yellow LED provided a possible in vitro hardening, which ensured the greatest success of the seedlings during acclimatization.

Resumo A qualidade luminosa é um fator importante para a adequação da produção de plantas através da cultura de tecidos vegetais, pois interfere diretamente nos processos de morfogênese e na capacidade fotossintéticas dos explantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto de luzes monocromática do tipo diodo emissor de luz (light-emittingdiode - LED) no desenvolvimento in vitro de Cattleya walkeriana G. e os efeitos na fase aclimatização. As plantas foram desenvolvidas in vitro sob as cores de luzes do tipo LED verde, azul, amarelo, vermelho, 2 vermelhos: 1 azul, e branco. Para cultivo in vitro foi utilizado o meio Knudson acrescido de 20 mg L-1 de sacarose, 5,5 mg L-1 de ágar, 2% de carvão ativado, 100 mL de água de coco, e pH 6,0. Para o cultivo ex vitro as plantas foram aclimatizadas em bandejas de isopor contendo esfagno como substrato. De maneira geral, os comprimentos luminosos fornecidos apresentaram impactos nas análises de crescimento in vitro e na de aclimatização. Houve influência na espessura da cutícula das plantas in vitro. Os teores de clorofilas e carotenoides não foram significativos. Podemos concluir, que comprimentos luminosos formados pelos LEDs 2 vermelhos: 1 azul, vermelho e amarelo podem ser indicados para melhor desempenho na produção de C. walkeriana. Os LEDs 2 vermelhos: 1 azul, e o LED vermelho propiciam desenvolvimento in vitro superior ao demais com ganhos na fase de aclimatização para espécie. O LED amarelo propiciou um possível processo de rustificação in vitro o que garantiu o maior sucesso das mudas no período de aclimatização.

Abstract Background: fibromyalgia is a disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic muscular pain. The lack of knowledge about this disease is one of the main causes that makes complex to make a diagnosis and an appropriate treatment. Objective: the main objective of this study was to know the efficacy of a physiotherapy treatment combined with a lacto-vegetarian dietary-nutritional intervention, on low back pain and body composition in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: twenty-one women were randomly divided into three groups: A (core stabilization exercises + lacto-vegetarian diet), B (placebo + lacto-vegetarian diet) and C (control). The intervention lasted 4 weeks. Pain assessments (EVA scale) and body composition (bioimpedance) were performed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Results: group A showed significant changes in pain reduction and body composition at the end of the intervention, increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass. In addition, this group significantly improved outcomes compared to groups B and C. The correlations showed a relationship between muscle mass and pain reduction referred to at the end of the study in patients in group A. Conclusions: four-week intervention program combining core stabilization exercises plus lacto-vegetarian diet in patients with fibromyalgia who have low back pain contributes to pain reduction and improved body composition.

Resumen Introducción: la fibromialgia es una enfermedad de origen desconocido caracterizada por dolor muscular crónico. La falta de conocimientos sobre esta enfermedad es una de las principales causas por las que resulta complejo realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue conocer la eficacia de un tratamiento de fisioterapia combinado con una intervención dietético-nutricional lacto-vegetariana, sobre el dolor bajo de espalda y la composición corporal en mujeres con fibromialgia. Métodos: en el estudio participaron 21 mujeres, que fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: A (ejercicios estabilización core + dieta lacto-vegetariana), B (placebo + dieta lacto-vegetariana) y C (control). La intervención tuvo una duración de 4 semanas y se realizaron evaluaciones del dolor (escala EVA), y de la composición corporal (bioimpedancia), al inicio y final de la intervención. Resultados: el grupo A mostró cambios significativos en la reducción del dolor y la composición corporal al final de la intervención, aumentando la masa muscular y disminuyendo la masa grasa. Además, este grupo mejoró significativamente los resultados en comparación con los grupos B y C. Las correlaciones realizadas mostraron una relación entre la masa muscular y la disminución del dolor referido al final del estudio en las pacientes del grupo A. Conclusiones: un programa de intervención de 4 semanas de duración en el que se combina ejercicios de estabilización de core más dieta lacto-vegetariana en pacientes con fibromialgia que presentan dolor bajo de espalda contribuye a la reducción del dolor y la mejora de la composición corporal.

Acetylation was performed to reduce the polarity of wood and increase its compatibility with polymer matrices for the production of composites. These reactions were performed first as a function of acetic acid and anhydride concentration in a mixture catalyzed by sulfuric acid. A concentration of 50%/50% (v/v) of acetic acid and anhydride was found to produced the highest conversion rate between the functional groups. After these reactions, the kinetics were investigated by varying times and temperatures using a 3² factorial design, and showed time was the most relevant parameter in determining the conversion of hydroxyl into carbonyl groups.

Catastrophic antiphospolipid syndrome (CAPS) is extremely rare antiphospolipid syndrome (APS) variety associated to higher mortality. When heart involvement appears has worsening pronostic. We reported a CAPS case, possibily afterward sting wasp triggering, with acute heart failure during evolution. The patient died despite angiographic stents, anticoagulation, corticoids and plasmaphereses treatment carried out.

El síndrome antifosfolípido catastrófico (SAPC) es una variedad del síndrome antifosfolípido (SAP), altamente infrecuente, asociada a mayor mortalidad. La aparición de afectación cardiaca, todavía más infrecuente, empobrece el pronóstico del mismo. Exponemos un caso de SAPC, posiblemente secundario a una picadura de avispa. Durante la evolución desarrolló un shock cardiogénico que a pesar de coronariografía, implantación de stents además de tratamiento con corticoides, anticoagulación y plasmaféresis, le produjo la muerte.

Introducción. Los cordales ectópicos son aquellos incluidos en posiciones inusuales o desplazados a distancia de su normal localización anatómica. La erupción ectópica de un diente dentro de la cavidad oral es común pero en otros lugares es raro. La erupción ectópica puede ir asociada con alteraciones en el desarrollo, procesos patológicos o yatrogenia. Caso Clínico. Mujer de 56 años de edad con tercer molar superior derecho ectópico a nivel de región infraorbitaria-seno maxilar. Presentaba dolor e inflamación hemifacial derecha de larga evolución y resistente a tratamiento médico. Se realizó exéresis quirúrgica de dicho cordal mediante abordaje de Caldwell-Luc. Discusión. En muchos casos la etiología de un cordal ectópico no puede ser identificada. La mayor parte de las veces son asintomáticos y diagnosticados mediante estudios radiológicos. Conclusión. La indicación de la exodoncia en el caso de un diente ectópico en general viene determinada por la presencia de sintomatología o en prevención de futuras complicaciones.

Introduction. Ectopic third molar teeth are those that are impacted in unusual positions, or that have been displaced and are at a distance from their normal anatomic location. Ectopic eruption of a tooth within the oral cavity is common, but rare in other sites. Ectopic eruption can be associated with developmental disturbances, pathologic processes or iatrogenic activity. Case Report. Female, fifty-six years old, with an upper right ectopic third molar located in the maxillary sinus-infraorbital region. She presented with pain and inflammation of the right side of her face that she had been experiencing for along time and which had been resistant to treatment. Surgical excision was carried out of the third molar tooth using the Caldwell-Luc approach. Discussion. In many cases the etiology of ectopic third molars cannot be identified. Generally they are asymptomatic and diagnosed by radiology studies. Conclusion. The indication for extraction in ectopic teeth cases is in general determined by the presence of symptomatology, or by the need for preventing future complications.

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a very unusual disease, the main characteristic of which is thickening of the dura mater. We describe a patient who started this illness showing chronic headache and pauci-immune necrotizing extracapillary perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis was made by brain magnetic resonance image. She received immunosuppressant therapy with prednisonel and cyclophosphamide with clinical improvement.

La paquimeningitis hipertrófica es una enfermedad poco frecuente caracterizada por engrosamiento de la duramadre. Presentamos una paciente con esta enfermedad que se manifestó con cefalea crónica y en la que concomitantemente se evidenció una glomerulonefritis necrotizante extracapilar pauciinmune asociada a anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos de patrón perinuclear (ANCA-P). El diagnóstico se estableció por resonancia nuclear magnética. Recibió tratamiento inmunosupresor con prednisona y ciclofosfamida con evolución favorable.

An increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in chronic renal failure (CRF) induces bone abnormalities known as renal osteodystrophy (ROD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate alternative biochemical methods to bone biopsy, to evaluate changes in bone remodeling in renal patients. Intact PTH (iPTH) and bone markers were measured in 43 predialysis (PD), 49 hemodialysis patients (HD) and 185 controls. bCTXs, bone alkaline phosphatase (bAL), iPTH were higher and creatinine clearance (Ccr) was lower in PD and HD compared with controls (p<0.0001). In both renal groups, a positive correlation was found between iPTH and both bCTXs and bAL (p<0.0001) and between bCTXs and bAL (p<0.002). PD patients with Ccr <40 ml/min had higher iPTH, bAL and bCTXs (p<0.004, p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) than patients with Ccr>40 ml/min. bCTXs (p<0.05) in PD and bCTXs and bAL in HD patients were higher than controls, even when iPTH was within normal range (<65 pg/ml). Patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism showed higher bone markers than patients with normal or moderately increased iPTH (p<0.001). These results suggest that even when there is no increase in iPTH, bone remodeling increases (possibly due to other factors) exhibiting higher bone resorption, and bCTXs would seem to be an adequate non-invasive tool to assess early bone changes in CRF and prevent future fractures. Bone marker measurements in ROD would be useful to identify patients who may require bone biopsy. However, further studies comparing both methods must be performed before replacing bone biopsy with serum b-CTX.

La osteodistrofia renal (ODR) se caracteriza por alteraciones óseas. Se evaluaron métodos bioquímicos alternativos a la biopsia ósea en pacientes renales para determinar cambios rápidos del remodelamiento óseo en 43 pacientes predialíticos (PD) y 49 hemodializados (HD). Los PD presentaron fosfatemia, fosfatasa alcalina ósea (FAO), hormona paratiroidea intacta (PTHi) y b-telopéptido carboxilo terminal del colágeno tipo I (bCTXs) mayores y clearence de creatinina (Ccr) menores (p<0.001) que los controles. La fosfatemia de HD fue más elevada, significativamente respecto de controles (p<0.0001); FAO, PTHi y bCTXs fueron mayores a los otros dos grupos (p<0.0001). En ambos grupos renales bCTXs y FAO correlacionaron con PTHi (p<0.002 y p<0.0001, respectivamente) y entre sí (p<0.0001). Los PD con Ccr <40 ml/min presentaron PTHi, FAO y bCTXs (p<0.004, p<0.05 y p<0.001, respectivamente) más elevados que aquellos con Ccr>40 ml/min. En PD, bCTXs (p<0.05) y en HD tanto bCTXs como FAO (p<0.0001) estaban aumentados respecto de controles, aun con PTHi normal. Los incrementos mayores en los marcadores óseos se observaron en los pacientes con mayores niveles de PTHi (p<0.001). En conclusión; aun sin PTHi elevada existe un aumento de resorción ósea (posiblemente por otros factores) y la medición de bCTXs sería una herramienta apropiada no traumática para detectar tempranamente alteraciones óseas por IR que permitiría tomar medidas preventivas para evitar dicha pérdida. Asimismo, instalada la ODR determinar el aumento del remodelamiento sería sumamente útil para identificar pacientes que requieran biopsia ósea. El reemplazo de la misma por b-CTX sérico deberá esperar estudios que demuestren la correlación existente entre ambas metodologías.

From May 1999 to May 2001, we made contact with injecting drug users from Eastern Europe in the healthcare and prevention service of the Red Cross (servicio de atención y prevención sociosanitaria [SAPS]) in Barcelona (Spain). The users attended free therapeutic centers, but paid approximately 500 € for the trip. The users were aged between 18 and 30 years old and maintained family contact. The knew the risk of disease transmission, but often exchanged needles. The prevalence of hepatitis C (92%) and B (62%) was high but less than that of HIV (19%). If they did not stop taking drugs their return would be a failure and they would have difficulties in following methadone and antiretroviral treatments in their countries of origin. The healthcare provided in these centers should respond to user' needs: cultural mediation should be sought, as well as information from users' countries of origin. Centers receiving users from other countries should be supervised and alternatives should be designed for users who abandon treatment. International cooperation and programs to reduce the risk of drug consumption should be developed. Treatment should be prevented from becoming a business.

Desde mayo de 1999 hasta mayo de 2001, hemos contactado en el SAPS (Servicio de Atención Social y Sanitaria) de Barcelona con usuarios de drogas de países del este de Europa. Acuden a centros terapéuticos gratuitos, aunque pagan por la organización del viaje unos 500 euros. Son jóvenes entre 18 y 30 años y mantienen el contacto con sus familiares. Conocen los riesgos de transmisión de enfermedades, pero suelen reutilizar las jeringas. Es alta la prevalencia de hepatitis C (92%) y B (62%) y menor la de infección por el VIH (19%). Si no abandonan las drogas, el retorno es un fracaso y tienen dificultades para proseguir los tratamientos con metadona o antirretrovirales. La respuesta asistencial ha de adecuarse a sus necesidades. Se debe procurar la mediación cultural y la información en los lugares de origen, supervisar los centros terapéuticos y diseñar alternativas a los abandonos. Hay que desarrollar la colaboración internacional, estimular programas de disminución de riesgos derivados del consumo y evitar que del tratamiento se haga un comercio.

From May 1999 to May 2001, we made contact with injecting drug users from Eastern Europe in the healthcare and prevention service of the Red Cross (servicio de atención y prevención sociosanitaria [SAPS]) in Barcelona (Spain). The users attended free therapeutic centers, but paid approximately 500 € for the trip. The users were aged between 18 and 30 years old and maintained family contact. The knew the risk of disease transmission, but often exchanged needles. The prevalence of hepatitis C (92%) and B (62%) was high but less than that of HIV (19%). If they did not stop taking drugs their return would be a failure and they would have difficulties in following methadone and antiretroviral treatments in their countries of origin. The healthcare provided in these centers should respond to user' needs: cultural mediation should be sought, as well as information from users' countries of origin. Centers receiving users from other countries should be supervised and alternatives should be designed for users who abandon treatment. International cooperation and programs to reduce the risk of drug consumption should be developed. Treatment should be prevented from becoming a business.

Desde mayo de 1999 hasta mayo de 2001, hemos contactado en el SAPS (Servicio de Atención Social y Sanitaria) de Barcelona con usuarios de drogas de países del este de Europa. Acuden a centros terapéuticos gratuitos, aunque pagan por la organización del viaje unos 500 euros. Son jóvenes entre 18 y 30 años y mantienen el contacto con sus familiares. Conocen los riesgos de transmisión de enfermedades, pero suelen reutilizar las jeringas. Es alta la prevalencia de hepatitis C (92%) y B (62%) y menor la de infección por el VIH (19%). Si no abandonan las drogas, el retorno es un fracaso y tienen dificultades para proseguir los tratamientos con metadona o antirretrovirales. La respuesta asistencial ha de adecuarse a sus necesidades. Se debe procurar la mediación cultural y la información en los lugares de origen, supervisar los centros terapéuticos y diseñar alternativas a los abandonos. Hay que desarrollar la colaboración internacional, estimular programas de disminución de riesgos derivados del consumo y evitar que del tratamiento se haga un comercio.

O uso de leguminosas constitui boa alternativa para suprir N e aumentar o rendimento das culturas comerciais. A aceitação desta prática por agricultores e extensionistas, entretanto, depende da demonstração de sua vantagem econômica em relação ao sistema tradicional. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito do cultivo intercalar de quatro leguminosas estivais de cobertura do solo [feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformis L.), guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) cv. roxo anão, mucuna cinza (Stizolobium niveum Kuntze) e soja preta (Glycine sp)] sobre a receita líquida da cultura do milho, em três doses de N (0, 60 e 120 kg ha-1), comparativamente ao sistema tradicional de milho exclusivamente (testemunha). Dois experimentos foram realizados, durante quatro e cinco anos, respectivamente, em sistemas de preparo convencional (PC) e preparo reduzido (PR), num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em Chapecó (SC), sendo os resultados apresentados na média das safras. A cultura do milho, sem leguminosa e sem adubação nitrogenada, apresentou uma receita líquida de 45 R$ ha-1 no PC e de 72 R$ ha-1 no PR. O cultivo intercalar das leguminosas promoveu incrementos na receita líquida da cultura do milho que variaram de 64 a 312 R$ ha-1 (142 a 693%), no PC, e de 57 a 147 R$ ha-1 (79 a 204%), no PR, na ausência de adubação nitrogenada. Mesmo com aplicação de N, as leguminosas promoveram aumento na receita líquida da cultura do milho, porém de menor magnitude. O cultivo intercalar de leguminosas estivais de cobertura do solo demonstrou-se uma alternativa viável para aumentar a receita líquida da cultura do milho. Os benefícios econômicos obtidos com esta prática provavelmente compensam o aumento em mão-de-obra.

Legumes cover-crops represent a good alternative to supply N as well as to improve yield of commercial crops. The acceptance of this technique by growers and extension agents, however, depends on its economical advantage in relation to traditional systems. In this study, the effect of four summer legumes cover-crops (Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Stizolobium niveum and Glycine sp), was evaluated in association with three N rates (0, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), on the net income of corn. Two medium-term (4- and 5-yr) experiments were carried out, respectively, under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT), in the Northwest of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. In absence of cover-crops and mineral N, corn production gave a net income of 25 and 40 U$ ha-1 (1 U$ = 1.80 R$), respectively, on CT and on RT. The use of cover-crops raised the net income from 35 to 173 U$ ha-1 (142 a 693%) under CT, and from 32 to 82 U$ ha-1 (79 a 204%) under RT, in absence of N. When N was applied, the economic benefits of such crops were smaller, but still advantageous. Thus, cultivation of summer legumes in the inter-rows of corn, as cover-crops, has economical advantages, probably enough to off-set the higher costs of family labor involved.